Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

"It is easy to be good; being just is the hard part."

— Victor HUGO

Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law

Enforcement and bankruptcy law governs the collection of monetary and secured claims through the power of the state. We handle enforcement proceedings, objections to payment orders, annulment of objections, attachment and title claims.

Enforcement and bankruptcy law governs the collection of unpaid debts through the power of the state. The Enforcement and Bankruptcy Act No. 2004 is the principal text. Time in this field runs in days; missing the period for objecting to a payment order allows the proceedings to become final and leads straight to attachment. If a payment order reaches you, it must therefore be assessed without losing time.

Acting for the Creditor

Starting Enforcement Proceedings

Choosing and conducting the type of proceedings that suits the file: enforcement without judgment (based on a note or invoice), enforcement with judgment (based on a court decision), proceedings specific to negotiable instruments, and enforcement by realisation of a pledge.

Annulment and Removal of an Objection

Proceedings brought to continue enforcement that has been stayed by the debtor\'s objection. In an action for annulment of the objection, enforcement denial compensation may also be claimed against a debtor who objected without justification.

Attachment and Sale

Attachment of movable and immovable property, of bank accounts and salary, and of vehicles; conducting the sale of attached property and the distribution of the proceeds. In salary attachment the portion protected by law is respected.

Acting for the Debtor

Objecting to a Payment Order

Objecting to the debt, the interest or the signature. An objection made within the period stays the proceedings. Objection to a signature in particular follows a separate procedure and must be handled carefully.

Annulment of Proceedings and Complaint

Applying to the enforcement court where the debt is time-barred, has been paid, or the proceedings are procedurally defective; and the route of complaint against the acts of enforcement officers.

Title Claims and Setting Aside a Sale

A title claim brought on the basis that attached property belongs to a third party; and applications to set aside a sale conducted improperly.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long do I have to object to a payment order?

In enforcement without judgment, the objection must be lodged with the enforcement office within a short period running from service of the payment order. For proceedings specific to negotiable instruments the period and the competent body differ, and as a rule the objection does not automatically stay the proceedings.

Can the whole of my salary be attached?

No. A portion of the salary fixed by law cannot be attached; a different regime applies to maintenance claims.

Is any property exempt from attachment?

Yes. Items essential to the life of the debtor and their family, the tools needed to carry on their occupation and certain income listed in the law cannot be attached. If such property has been attached, its release can be sought by way of complaint.
06 September 2026
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İstanbul

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